Reason for the rupture of new energy battery shell

Thermal runaway is one of the catastrophic failure modes of lithium-ion cells. During thermal runaway in cylindrical cells, sidewall shell rupture has been identified as a contributing factor for thermal runaway p.
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J.-Y. Xu (Ed.) © 2024 The Authors. doi:10.3233/ATDE231105

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Deformation and fracture behaviors of cylindrical battery shell

During thermal runaway in cylindrical cells, sidewall shell rupture has been identified as a contributing factor for thermal runaway propagation in battery packs. Herein, the deformation

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6 FAQs about [Reason for the rupture of new energy battery shell]

What causes casing rupture in lithium ion batteries?

The casing rupture occurred in two forms, namely, a melting hole and a tearing crack, which inevitably caused TR propagation in the battery module and pack. The formation mechanism of the casing rupture was investigated by triggering TR in commercial cylindrical 21700 lithium-ion batteries.

What happens if a lithium-ion battery is thermally runaway?

See all authors As the energy density of lithium-ion cells and batteries increases, controlling the outcomes of thermal runaway becomes more challenging. If the high rate of gas generation during thermal runaway is not adequately vented, commercial cell designs can rupture and explode, presenting serious safety concerns.

Can cell shell rupture occur during a cell thermal runaway?

Conclusions Cell shell rupture can occur during a cell thermal runaway leading to cell-to-cell propagation in a battery. Through a series of TR experiments and ex-situ characterization, various shell rupture behaviors under different conditions were observed.

Why do batteries get thermal runaway?

It is known that the actual storage or transportation environmental factors may act an important role in the heat transfer process between the battery and environment (or between the batteries) and thus the occurrence of thermal runaway.

Why do lithium ion batteries runaway?

Subsequently, the oxidation and combustion of these gases contribute to the generation of a large amount of heat and thus a rapid increase in the temperature of the lithium-ion batteries, which results in the battery thermal runaway .

Are cylindrical lithium-ion batteries prone to casing rupture?

Based on our experiments, almost all the commercial cylindrical lithium-ion batteries have a certain possibility of casing rupture in a large number of external heating TR tests, and this possibility is affected by the design of the battery, such as the anode/cathode material composition, the vent threshold, and the electrode thickness.

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